From Childhood Dreams to Passion for Special Education: A Conversation with Richard Darrow Nichols

100:00:00,360 --> 00:00:02,305Speaker 1: Welcome to the Healthy, wealthy and Wise 200:00:02,444 --> 00:00:07,442podcast with Dr William Choctaw,MD. JD. In this episode, Dr. 300:00:07,482 --> 00:00:10,807Choctaw will continue his Leadership Masterclass series by400:00:10,807 --> 00:00:16,202covering how AI chatbots improve healthcare. One of the 500:00:16,242 --> 00:00:20,312many ways AI has manifested in healthcare is through chatbots, 600:00:20,881 --> 00:00:24,628which are computer programs designed to engage with human 700:00:24,788 --> 00:00:29,301users in natural language conversations. Dr Choctaw will 800:00:29,361 --> 00:00:34,929dive into this aspect, as well as share AI chatbots' ability to900:00:34,929 --> 00:00:39,121directly assist the medical community in various ways. Dr 1000:00:39,161 --> 00:00:43,246Choctaw will also take a look atsome of the tech companies that1100:00:43,246 --> 00:00:47,173are major players in this space, with large investments and 1200:00:47,232 --> 00:00:52,045chatbots of their own. Dr Choctaw will address the cheers 1300:00:52,365 --> 00:00:55,832and the fears regarding this transformative technology 1400:00:56,780 --> 00:01:01,331Question. Do you know what a DaVinci robot is or what it does1500:01:01,331 --> 00:01:04,906? Well, these and other questions will be answered and 1600:01:04,947 --> 00:01:08,763addressed in this podcast episode. So let's get started. 1700:01:09,584 --> 00:01:12,432Here's Dr William Choctaw, md JD. 1800:01:13,561 --> 00:01:16,924Speaker 2: We're going to talk about how artificial, 1900:01:17,045 --> 00:01:29,465intelligent chatbots improve healthcare. So buckle up, stay 2000:01:29,504 --> 00:01:34,463with me and here we go. I believe the life is about being 2100:01:34,504 --> 00:01:39,421of service to others. I believe knowledge is power. I believe 2200:01:39,522 --> 00:01:43,688leaders can change the world. Asalways, when we do the 2300:01:43,707 --> 00:01:48,900masterclass, we talk about medicine specifically and then, 2400:01:48,980 --> 00:01:53,421on top of that, we'll talk aboutlaw or legal issues. Today, 2500:01:53,441 --> 00:01:56,126we're going to talk about medicine as it interacts with 2600:01:56,266 --> 00:02:01,524artificial intelligence and finances, and we'll delineate 2700:02:01,563 --> 00:02:06,222that more as we go along. So stay with us. As always, i like 2800:02:06,263 --> 00:02:08,929to include an outline. The purpose of the outline is to let2900:02:08,929 --> 00:02:12,043you know what I'm going to talkabout. I'm going to talk about 3000:02:13,165 --> 00:02:15,610artificial intelligence specifically. We're going to 3100:02:15,651 --> 00:02:18,544define it. We believe in definitions. We're going to 3200:02:18,585 --> 00:02:23,022define what a chatbot is. We're going to define some of the 3300:02:23,082 --> 00:02:28,241different iterations of AI and the chatbot. We're going to 3400:02:28,281 --> 00:02:31,645define reasons for issues. We'regoing to talk about some of the3500:02:31,645 --> 00:02:35,072problems and fears with chatbots that individuals are 3600:02:35,111 --> 00:02:39,243going through presently, and we're going to talk about robots3700:02:39,243 --> 00:02:43,301and surgery. Yes, there are robots in surgery, don't worry. 3800:02:43,361 --> 00:02:48,361We'll explain it when we get there. I don't want to scare you3900:02:48,361 --> 00:02:52,591. Don't scare you, but they are there. But that's a good thing. 4000:02:52,711 --> 00:02:58,588That's a good thing. Okay, so what is artificial intelligence?4100:02:58,588 --> 00:03:01,735I know you've heard the term for many, many years and I know 4200:03:01,775 --> 00:03:05,100that you have an idea about whatartificial intelligence is. But4300:03:05,100 --> 00:03:08,810what do we mean when we say artificial intelligence? Let me 4400:03:08,849 --> 00:03:13,787give you a definition The simulation or approximation of 4500:03:13,927 --> 00:03:21,493human intelligence in machines. Let me give you my definition 4600:03:21,554 --> 00:03:25,725Teaching machines to think. Artificial intelligence is 4700:03:25,746 --> 00:03:31,949teaching machines to think. Now you can either be excited about 4800:03:31,969 --> 00:03:37,046that or that could scare you, and I submit that it's probably 4900:03:37,067 --> 00:03:39,514a little of both. You know that one goes through. I know it's 5000:03:39,554 --> 00:03:45,883probably a little of both that Igo through, but this is what 5100:03:45,943 --> 00:03:50,328artificial intelligence is, and I can tell you that if you're 5200:03:50,407 --> 00:03:54,352finding out or listening now about artificial intelligence, 5300:03:54,853 --> 00:04:01,282it's already probably at least the last five or 10 years. So 5400:04:01,302 --> 00:04:05,268this is Dr Chalk-Tom brain surgeon, heart surgeon, that are5500:04:05,268 --> 00:04:09,014both exciting and a little traumatizing at the same time. 5600:04:10,620 --> 00:04:14,706What is the goal of artificial intelligence? Well, the goal is 5700:04:14,826 --> 00:04:19,880computer enhanced learning, reasoning and perception. Think 5800:04:19,920 --> 00:04:25,411about that Computer enhanced learning, reasoning and 5900:04:25,492 --> 00:04:30,528perception. Think about a computer that can reason. Think 6000:04:30,567 --> 00:04:36,345about a computer that has perception. Okay, and I remember6100:04:36,345 --> 00:04:40,372we always say perception is a reality. You know, certainly in 6200:04:40,432 --> 00:04:43,624politics that's true. Whatever people perceive you are 6300:04:43,704 --> 00:04:46,468politically and in terms of how they're going to vote, is 6400:04:46,509 --> 00:04:49,940probably how you really are fromtheir perspective. But think 6500:04:49,980 --> 00:04:53,600about that. There are types of artificial intelligence. I'm 6600:04:53,620 --> 00:04:56,827just going to give you the two broad categories. That's basic 6700:04:56,928 --> 00:05:01,564pattern recognition. Now, basic pattern recognition is where you6800:05:01,564 --> 00:05:07,273give a computer or machine a certain set of data and you keep6900:05:07,273 --> 00:05:10,197giving it the same amount over and over and over again, and it 7000:05:10,298 --> 00:05:13,564learns by repetition. It keeps repeating it and repeating it 7100:05:13,584 --> 00:05:17,120and repeating it until it has itmemorized. And then there's the7200:05:17,120 --> 00:05:20,906other part of artificial intelligence, or thinking 7300:05:20,987 --> 00:05:27,182machines, if you will, complex human emotion. And I submit that7400:05:27,182 --> 00:05:30,949this is where we get into the discomfort that we humans have, 7500:05:31,029 --> 00:05:34,242and I would argue that we shouldhave, and we'll talk about this7600:05:34,242 --> 00:05:38,961a little bit later in the presentation. What is an 7700:05:39,021 --> 00:05:44,091emotional machine? Is that an oxymoron? What does that mean? A7800:05:44,091 --> 00:05:48,206machine with emotion? Think about that. Just let that 7900:05:48,365 --> 00:05:54,624marinate for a bit. One of the ways that scientists who do this8000:05:54,624 --> 00:05:57,608work, computer scientists who do this work, are able to get 8100:05:57,689 --> 00:06:01,454machines to do what they do is they use something called 8200:06:01,613 --> 00:06:05,850algorithms. Those of you in mathand those of you in engineering8300:06:05,850 --> 00:06:08,480and data management, you're very familiar with algorithms, 8400:06:08,940 --> 00:06:13,226but basically algorithms are rules that data is given to make8500:06:13,226 --> 00:06:17,413it, in my estimation, in my opinion, form a particular 8600:06:17,473 --> 00:06:22,218pattern to get something done. So this is all developed ahead 8700:06:22,257 --> 00:06:26,303of time. But so the broad umbrella of what we're talking 8800:06:26,343 --> 00:06:29,949about when we talk about AI, chat box AI stands for 8900:06:30,088 --> 00:06:34,634artificial intelligence, chat box is the broad umbrella is 9000:06:34,834 --> 00:06:40,007artificial intelligence. My definition thinking machines or 9100:06:40,067 --> 00:06:44,607teaching machines how to think. Well, what in the world is a 9200:06:44,706 --> 00:06:51,548chat box? CHATBOT? Well, obviously it's made up word that9300:06:51,548 --> 00:06:57,541chat means to talk or to speak,and bot like robot. Okay, so 9400:06:57,562 --> 00:07:04,680think of a talking robot as a chat bot. Okay, the official 9500:07:04,721 --> 00:07:08,045definition is a chat bot is a program that communicates with 9600:07:08,125 --> 00:07:14,033you, most commonly using the texts interface and artificial 9700:07:14,132 --> 00:07:20,168intelligence, when you get in your car and you use your GPS. 9800:07:22,540 --> 00:07:33,701Your GPS is not human. I don't mean a virtual bubble. That GPS 9900:07:33,740 --> 00:07:39,725is not a human. It is a chat botof type. You know it actually 10000:07:39,766 --> 00:07:43,901is a very early, rudimentary chat bot. You know, it's not 10100:07:43,920 --> 00:07:46,148even at the higher levels that we're going to talk about today,10200:07:46,148 --> 00:07:50,867but that's what a chat bot is. So how does that work in terms 10300:07:50,927 --> 00:07:55,785of where we are today? I would suggest you this is this 10400:07:55,904 --> 00:08:00,072information is in the public domain in the last six months. 10500:08:00,560 --> 00:08:03,826So this is not stuff that the public has found out about 10600:08:04,047 --> 00:08:06,833recent, you know, five or 10 years ago, even though it's been10700:08:06,833 --> 00:08:10,745around. But we're learning about it in the last six months 10800:08:10,807 --> 00:08:15,641or so and we're go with that. Remember when I talked about 10900:08:15,721 --> 00:08:22,382your academic hand computer. I eat your cell phone. It's also a11000:08:22,382 --> 00:08:26,261computer and we already talked about this. But let me sort of 11100:08:26,420 --> 00:08:33,563use that as an example to talk about the chat bot. Okay, first 11200:08:33,624 --> 00:08:42,240a bit of history. The first company to come out with a chat 11300:08:42,341 --> 00:08:47,616bot is Microsoft. Now, obviously, many of you are familiar with 11400:08:47,657 --> 00:08:51,312Microsoft If you have a computerand you may be using Microsoft 11500:08:51,331 --> 00:08:58,177software in your computer. I do,i'm old school. As a matter of 11600:08:58,217 --> 00:09:01,833fact, these presentations are done with a product of Microsoft11700:09:01,833 --> 00:09:06,498called PowerPoint. I've used PowerPoint for those 30 plus 11800:09:06,538 --> 00:09:14,399years. Microsoft is a very big, world-wide computer operating 11900:09:14,440 --> 00:09:19,578system. Microsoft basically heard about a company called 12000:09:20,019 --> 00:09:26,013OpenAI. Microsoft then decided and we'll get into this later to12100:09:26,013 --> 00:09:30,739work with this company. The very earliest form of a chat bot12200:09:30,739 --> 00:09:38,158is something that's called ChatGPT. This is from Microsoft.12300:09:38,158 --> 00:09:44,176I'm just going to deal with thebig players with computers, or 12400:09:44,235 --> 00:09:48,177talking computers, if you will. Let me just go over the list. 12500:09:48,510 --> 00:09:53,216Microsoft is the first, google is second, meta or Facebook is 12600:09:53,297 --> 00:09:59,601third and Baidu, which is the Microsoft, if you will, of China12700:09:59,601 --> 00:10:05,856. It's the last one, but Microsoft's product is called 12800:10:05,998 --> 00:10:11,860ChatGPT. Gpt just stands for some computer iterated language.12900:10:11,860 --> 00:10:15,254It doesn't really mean anythingother than that, but this is 13000:10:15,274 --> 00:10:18,816their first product. This product rolled out to the public13100:10:18,816 --> 00:10:23,6502022 last year. We're not talking about a long time, but 13200:10:23,671 --> 00:10:29,153free. Basically, it's free. It'scalled ChatGPT. Indeed, if you 13300:10:29,254 --> 00:10:33,011have a Microsoft computer, it's already on your computer. It's 13400:10:33,091 --> 00:10:36,772already there. If you don't knowwhere to look, go to your 13500:10:36,812 --> 00:10:41,671browser. Go to where you search and type in ChatGPT, and then 13600:10:41,711 --> 00:10:46,537it'll pop up. Don't be scared, it'll pop up on your computer. 13700:10:49,975 --> 00:10:59,452The very basic type of a Chatbotnamed ChatGPT. Chatgpt is the 13800:10:59,592 --> 00:11:05,592name of the Chatbot that Microsoft owns. This is called 13900:11:05,633 --> 00:11:12,336Chatbot or GPT 3.0. Now Microsoft has already, within 14000:11:12,778 --> 00:11:16,335months, come out with an advanced version of that called 14100:11:16,676 --> 00:11:25,374GPT4. Gpt4 you have to pay for. Gpt3 is free. Gpt4 you have to 14200:11:25,414 --> 00:11:29,179pay for I think it's like $40 a month or something like that. 14300:11:30,471 --> 00:11:35,615But if you have Bing, this is another operating system with 14400:11:35,735 --> 00:11:39,312Microsoft. If you have Bing on your computer, you already have 14500:11:39,373 --> 00:11:46,677GPT4 for free. Let me go over that again. Gpt3 is the early 14600:11:48,039 --> 00:11:53,115example of the Chatbot that was made by Microsoft, which is the 14700:11:53,177 --> 00:11:56,072leading country because it's outwith this technology First for 14800:11:56,091 --> 00:12:03,077the public. The advanced is GPT4, but you already have GPT4 on 14900:12:03,097 --> 00:12:07,979your computer for free. Google has a product called Bart with 15000:12:08,019 --> 00:12:12,530Palm 2. They're already coming out with their product, but 15100:12:12,551 --> 00:12:15,839they're a little behind Microsoft. Then Facebook Meta 15200:12:15,879 --> 00:12:19,912has a product called Blenderblot, and Baidu, the Chinese 15300:12:21,758 --> 00:12:25,052operating system, has one calledErnie, which I found 15400:12:25,173 --> 00:12:30,053interesting. I'm sure there's a message there, but I just don't 15500:12:30,094 --> 00:12:35,431understand it. Now just make sure that you understand what I 15600:12:35,471 --> 00:12:40,379mean by Microsoft. You are familiar with Microsoft products15700:12:40,379 --> 00:12:44,032. You'll either use Word when you type the letter, you type 15800:12:44,052 --> 00:12:49,072the paper. You may use Excel fornumbers If you do any type of 15900:12:49,193 --> 00:12:53,794number accumulation or accounting. As I mentioned about16000:12:53,794 --> 00:12:57,991PowerPoint, these are the products of Microsoft. They call16100:12:57,991 --> 00:13:06,942Microsoft Office. The company that started the Chat GPT is 16200:13:07,022 --> 00:13:11,871called OpenAI. That's at the top. This is the small company I 16300:13:11,912 --> 00:13:14,937think. Right now I think it's main office in San Francisco, 16400:13:15,149 --> 00:13:24,321california small company. It's the one that started Chat GPT. 16500:13:25,370 --> 00:13:28,192Now, i think you'll be interested in the history of how16600:13:28,192 --> 00:13:33,859this came about. Openai is the name of the company that started16700:13:33,859 --> 00:13:38,774Chat GPT. It was founded in 2015,. Not too long ago. 16800:13:39,950 --> 00:13:45,120Microsoft, being the gentle giant that it is in the tech 16900:13:45,182 --> 00:13:49,951industry, is always looking, obviously worldwide, for new 17000:13:50,030 --> 00:13:54,793technology and obviously potential competition. Microsoft17100:13:54,793 --> 00:14:00,700approached OpenAI, the company founded in 2015 in San Francisco17200:14:00,700 --> 00:14:05,918, and said we like your product,we want to invest in your 17300:14:05,957 --> 00:14:11,895product. We're going to invest one billion, with the B dollars,17400:14:11,895 --> 00:14:17,120into your company. Of course, your small startup tech company 17500:14:17,490 --> 00:14:20,894and Microsoft comes in and says they want to invest a billion 17600:14:20,933 --> 00:14:29,241dollars. What do you do? You said sure, bring it, i'll take 17700:14:29,322 --> 00:14:36,599it, stay with me. Now, four years later, 2023, this year, 17800:14:37,510 --> 00:14:43,011microsoft says we're even more impressed with your company, 17900:14:43,172 --> 00:14:49,898openai, and your product, chat GPT. We want to increase our 18000:14:49,957 --> 00:14:54,653investment to an additional 10 billion. Stay with me now. This 18100:14:54,693 --> 00:14:58,836is 11 billion dollars from Microsoft to a little company in18200:14:58,836 --> 00:15:02,618San Francisco. You may say well, why in the world is Microsoft 18300:15:02,658 --> 00:15:05,711doing that? Well, obviously, if you're a worldwide company and 18400:15:05,792 --> 00:15:09,292you've got information throughout the world and there 18500:15:09,312 --> 00:15:12,833was something Microsoft saw thatit liked, and that's that 18600:15:12,894 --> 00:15:16,859bullet point. The next bullet point that in December alone of 18700:15:16,958 --> 00:15:23,361last year, a million people signed up with Chat, gpt. A 18800:15:23,422 --> 00:15:27,686million people in one month. Okay, you think that was 18900:15:27,725 --> 00:15:32,846something. In January, the next month, over a hundred million 19000:15:32,886 --> 00:15:36,984people signed up for the same product. So what do you think 19100:15:37,004 --> 00:15:42,102Microsoft is thinking now? We got a good one here, okay. So 19200:15:42,143 --> 00:15:46,610what's my point? My point is to show you the speed of this stuff19300:15:46,610 --> 00:15:49,849. This is not stuff that happensin six months and then another 19400:15:49,908 --> 00:15:53,760three months. This is happening daily, weekly, monthly. The 19500:15:53,821 --> 00:15:58,044speed which goes along with computers. What is unique about 19600:15:58,085 --> 00:16:02,461computers compared to humans? One of the things is speed. Okay19700:16:02,461 --> 00:16:06,264, that a computer can do what I can do. The computer can do it 19800:16:06,323 --> 00:16:09,808in a second. A second is when you say one, one thousand, 19900:16:10,260 --> 00:16:13,065that's a second, that's one second. One, one thousand, two, 20000:16:13,144 --> 00:16:15,265one thousand, three, one thousand four, one thousand five20100:16:15,265 --> 00:16:18,482, one thousand Five seconds justwent by. The computer is 20200:16:18,543 --> 00:16:23,684already done then. So this is the area that we're in Now. Let 20300:16:23,705 --> 00:16:29,322me put this in context. I'm a baby boomer, i'm 75 years old. I20400:16:29,322 --> 00:16:35,462still remember rotary telephones. I remember There 20500:16:35,482 --> 00:16:40,524were no cell phones in my neighborhood. So I'm being 20600:16:40,585 --> 00:16:45,404transported now to a whole new area And, to be honest with you,20700:16:45,404 --> 00:16:51,043i find that exciting. I said cool, bring it, bring it, okay. 20800:16:51,605 --> 00:16:54,320So let's go into detail a littlemore about chatbots, and 20900:16:54,340 --> 00:16:57,802particularly as it has to do with healthcare, and I'll just 21000:16:57,841 --> 00:17:00,663go through this relatively quickly. Well, how? does this 21100:17:01,205 --> 00:17:07,307talking computer process, thinking machine, help in a 21200:17:07,347 --> 00:17:10,498hospital, whatever, whatever. Well, ironically it helps in a 21300:17:10,573 --> 00:17:15,021number of ways And I will submitto you if you are, if you get 21400:17:15,041 --> 00:17:18,420your healthcare in a large healthcare delivery system And 21500:17:18,440 --> 00:17:22,201I'm talking about a large university related healthcare 21600:17:22,221 --> 00:17:25,800delivery system or Kaiser or something like that You are 21700:17:25,881 --> 00:17:28,824already interacting with these bots and you just don't know it.21800:17:28,824 --> 00:17:33,481You think you're dealing with humans, you're not, and, believe21900:17:33,481 --> 00:17:36,343it or not, some of that is a good thing, because the robot 22000:17:36,383 --> 00:17:39,881just keeps doing what it does, it doesn't get tired, it doesn't22100:17:39,881 --> 00:17:43,144get frustrated And it just keepdoing it and doing it, and 22200:17:43,185 --> 00:17:48,343doing it. But so five ways that it works in healthcare is 22300:17:48,644 --> 00:17:51,544providing informational support.Clearly, one of the most 22400:17:51,584 --> 00:17:54,061frustrating things is about being a patient, having a family22500:17:54,061 --> 00:17:56,903member who's a patient is getting information. What's 22600:17:56,943 --> 00:17:59,369going on, why are you doing this, why are you doing that, what 22700:17:59,410 --> 00:18:02,183does this mean, What did that show? Et cetera, et cetera, et 22800:18:02,223 --> 00:18:08,065cetera. Second, scheduling appointments. Now, when I want 22900:18:08,085 --> 00:18:13,362to see my doctor or whatever, i go to my computer, i pull down 23000:18:13,382 --> 00:18:18,566the website of my healthcare delivery system I happen to have23100:18:18,566 --> 00:18:23,469Kaiser And I just dial in. I want to see blah, blah, blah for23200:18:23,469 --> 00:18:28,306X And I do it all online is my point. I never really talked to 23300:18:28,326 --> 00:18:34,384a human And I sort of like that quite honestly. It collecting 23400:18:34,424 --> 00:18:38,689patient information. Obviously, when you sign into the hospital 23500:18:38,839 --> 00:18:42,247or you go into a clinic, they have you fill out a lot of stuff23600:18:42,247 --> 00:18:46,323And all that stuff goes into a computer And that computer then 23700:18:46,363 --> 00:18:49,903becomes more knowledgeable aboutyou Providing medical 23800:18:49,963 --> 00:18:53,866assistance. When the physician wants to know more and more 23900:18:53,926 --> 00:18:58,121information, he goes to that data bank and can get it And 24000:18:58,181 --> 00:19:03,009assist in refilling. When you, if you take a lot of medication 24100:19:03,740 --> 00:19:07,663and you need to refill your medication many times, you can 24200:19:07,703 --> 00:19:13,003do that online And that process is facilitated by an artificial 24300:19:13,184 --> 00:19:18,387intelligent machine, by an artificial intelligent machine. 24400:19:19,500 --> 00:19:22,520Well, how do these chat about things help doctors? How does 24500:19:22,540 --> 00:19:27,881these computers help doctors? And let me just add here if you 24600:19:27,921 --> 00:19:32,726remember back to some of the previous masterclass lectures, 24700:19:33,160 --> 00:19:37,461we talked about the Affordable Care Act, obamacare that was 24800:19:37,541 --> 00:19:41,924passed in 2010, 13 years ago, and we mentioned that one of the24900:19:41,924 --> 00:19:46,561main factors of Obamacare was it forced healthcare to go from 25000:19:47,464 --> 00:19:52,328to computers. This is a part of that process that started 13 25100:19:52,388 --> 00:19:57,921years ago. So how do we physicians use the chatbot? Well25200:19:57,921 --> 00:20:00,566, it helps us with clinical decision support. What does that25300:20:00,566 --> 00:20:05,109mean? That means is, let's say,i admit my patient to hospital 25400:20:05,310 --> 00:20:12,169A and patients very sick, and it's a condition that you don't 25500:20:12,229 --> 00:20:17,564see very often, let's put it in that category. And so I think 25600:20:17,604 --> 00:20:21,487that I wanna do treatment A. Andso I type treatment A into the 25700:20:21,507 --> 00:20:28,361computer And the computer gives me a red X or something, and I 25800:20:28,381 --> 00:20:34,070said whoa, what's that? And the computer says that it will not 25900:20:34,131 --> 00:20:38,183accept my treatment recommendation. And then I asked26000:20:38,183 --> 00:20:42,700why? And the computer says I need to talk to X or Y or Z. My 26100:20:42,760 --> 00:20:46,781point is it is helping me with my decision regarding the 26200:20:47,103 --> 00:20:50,241treatment for that patient. That's a good thing. Medicine 26300:20:50,301 --> 00:20:54,359changes every single day And it is impossible for anybody I 26400:20:54,380 --> 00:20:57,540don't care how smart you are or what school you went to to stay 26500:20:57,641 --> 00:21:01,221up with everything that's current. On and on and on. Think26600:21:01,221 --> 00:21:05,604about an artificial intelligentchatbot computer and think 26700:21:05,644 --> 00:21:10,862about it in terms of a library, a world library. Think about a 26800:21:10,922 --> 00:21:14,144library, but it's a world library. And think about this 26900:21:14,203 --> 00:21:18,409world library that has every single book in the world in its 27000:21:18,568 --> 00:21:22,980library, and think about all thedata and information in that 27100:21:23,101 --> 00:21:28,027world library that you can download to one computer system.27200:21:28,027 --> 00:21:30,781And that's what we're talking about when we're talking about 27300:21:31,123 --> 00:21:35,143an artificial intelligent chatbox. So the computer just 27400:21:35,203 --> 00:21:38,486goes to this database and says, no, you need to do A, b and C. 27500:21:39,200 --> 00:21:41,627The same thing is with literature search procedure 27600:21:41,688 --> 00:21:45,942review. One of the very interesting areas that hospitals27700:21:45,942 --> 00:21:49,281particularly like and doctors also, is that you can get a lot 27800:21:49,321 --> 00:21:50,705of good feedback from patients. 27900:21:52,871 --> 00:21:53,372Speaker 4: Dr Choctaw 28000:21:55,546 --> 00:21:57,119Speaker 2: Quickly, let's drill down a little bit more about 28100:21:57,161 --> 00:22:00,864this artificial intelligence stuff, and particularly as it 28200:22:00,903 --> 00:22:04,565has to do with machine learning.Now on the left side you see 28300:22:06,009 --> 00:22:09,042machine learning and deep learning Again. Machine learning28400:22:09,042 --> 00:22:14,181here is that repetition type oflearning. More superficial Deep28500:22:14,181 --> 00:22:20,002learning is where you get into perceptions and reasoning and 28600:22:20,042 --> 00:22:23,503that sort of thing. Go down to the lower level, you get natural28700:22:23,503 --> 00:22:28,009language processing. This is how multiple languages around 28800:22:28,028 --> 00:22:30,982the world that has to be processed. So it means the same 28900:22:31,022 --> 00:22:37,324thing for everybody Predictive analytics. Ceos of companies 29000:22:37,585 --> 00:22:43,726love predictive analytics. Why? Let's say you're the CEO of 29100:22:43,786 --> 00:22:49,505hospital A. Hospital A has 500 beds. You have 2,000 employees 29200:22:49,565 --> 00:22:55,832in hospital A. You treat, let's say, 5,000 people in six months 29300:22:55,980 --> 00:23:00,608in hospital A, but it is problematic in terms of knowing 29400:23:01,160 --> 00:23:04,560how many staff you need on a Friday or a Sunday, how many 29500:23:04,641 --> 00:23:07,886nurses you need, how many doctors are gonna be on call, 29600:23:08,319 --> 00:23:10,422how many emergencies are you gonna get. So you have to bring 29700:23:10,482 --> 00:23:14,104in more of this and that You have to guess. You have to guess29800:23:14,104 --> 00:23:16,961And most of the times we guess wrong. I mean, because we're 29900:23:16,981 --> 00:23:21,800human. The computer, the chatbot, can do that for you And it 30000:23:21,861 --> 00:23:25,980does that for you with what it calls predictive analytics. Go 30100:23:26,040 --> 00:23:32,047back to that world library that's been downloaded to the 30200:23:32,106 --> 00:23:36,064chat box with all the world's data. It can tell you in 30300:23:36,144 --> 00:23:41,281hospital A, looking at your datafor the last year, what's your 30400:23:41,342 --> 00:23:46,240staffing is gonna be like on a Friday night in December. It can30500:23:46,240 --> 00:23:50,528tell you that It can deduce it from the data that you've given.30600:23:50,528 --> 00:23:55,121That's just extraordinary. So aCEO and executive team that has30700:23:55,121 --> 00:23:59,102that much information. Again, as an executive, your job is to 30800:23:59,143 --> 00:24:02,862predict the future, right, because you have to guess Do I 30900:24:03,564 --> 00:24:07,021add this many people, or do I get this much money? Do I take a31000:24:07,021 --> 00:24:09,644loan? blah, blah, blah. The computer can take all that away 31100:24:09,704 --> 00:24:17,563from you. Look at that third boxSentiment analytics. Sentiment 31200:24:17,864 --> 00:24:23,221analytics Well, guess what that's talking about? Sentiment 31300:24:23,323 --> 00:24:28,569analytics means that it can do abetter job of getting patient 31400:24:28,670 --> 00:24:32,603feedback that it can give to theorganization ie hospital, 31500:24:32,663 --> 00:24:36,701physician, et cetera in terms ofwhat patients think, and I 31600:24:36,740 --> 00:24:40,500think that's a good thing. I think that's a good thing. I 31700:24:40,540 --> 00:24:44,125think that's a good thing that doesn't rely on how much time I 31800:24:44,207 --> 00:24:51,281have or how relaxed I am or available I am, if you can put 31900:24:51,323 --> 00:24:54,064your thoughts and feelings and belief into a computerized 32000:24:54,084 --> 00:24:59,529system that goes directly to thepeople in charge. That's a good32100:24:59,529 --> 00:25:05,441thing. Well, i admit, this is acell phone with a I don't know 32200:25:05,500 --> 00:25:10,268a toy chat bot. I hesitate aboutputting this picture in here 32300:25:10,339 --> 00:25:15,327because I didn't want to scare anybody, but I decided to put it32400:25:15,327 --> 00:25:20,424in anyway. All right. Now the chat bot doesn't necessarily 32500:25:20,444 --> 00:25:24,789look like this. This is just, nodoubt, a computer rendition of 32600:25:24,829 --> 00:25:28,548what it is, but the point is, the chat bot is there to help 32700:25:28,628 --> 00:25:32,549you. There's no question that there are issues and concerns, 32800:25:32,780 --> 00:25:36,806and we'll talk about that a bit later But it can be of help to 32900:25:36,885 --> 00:25:39,708you And I would encourage you tolook at how it can help you 33000:25:40,339 --> 00:25:44,901Very, very quickly. And we'll just go this real fast Again 33100:25:44,961 --> 00:25:47,981hospital administration like chat bots, because some 33200:25:48,262 --> 00:25:52,887protocols and HR stuff and all the regulatory stuff that most 33300:25:52,928 --> 00:25:56,323of times is very difficult to deal with. One of the places 33400:25:56,363 --> 00:25:58,904that chat bots have been found to be helpful is with hospice. 33500:25:59,960 --> 00:26:03,682The many times individuals who are in hospice are able to 33600:26:03,741 --> 00:26:08,622communicate. Think about textinga friend. Think about texting a33700:26:08,622 --> 00:26:14,105friend who has unlimited time, limited capability and can 33800:26:14,165 --> 00:26:18,467listen to you 24 seven. Think about how therapeutic that might33900:26:18,467 --> 00:26:22,800be if you or your loved one or your family member and or loved 34000:26:22,981 --> 00:26:28,303one happen to be in a hospice situation. You want to know this34100:26:28,303 --> 00:26:34,586guy, this guy, his first name is Sam. So what is Sam doing 34200:26:34,646 --> 00:26:40,695here? Sam is actually testifyingin Congress. He started this. 34300:26:40,736 --> 00:26:44,595He and his people started, discovered it. Microsoft bought 34400:26:44,634 --> 00:26:48,914it out. It spread worldwide. ButSam look at his face, sam's a 34500:26:48,954 --> 00:26:55,916little worried. And so what he'sdoing, which is smart, he's 34600:26:55,936 --> 00:26:59,332trying to be proactive or preemptive. And he went to 34700:26:59,372 --> 00:27:02,839Congress and said I need to comeand talk to you guys in 34800:27:02,900 --> 00:27:08,440government because I've created something here that you need to 34900:27:08,500 --> 00:27:12,156be aware of and you need to start providing some regulation 35000:27:12,196 --> 00:27:16,115with it. You need to start providing some regulation with 35100:27:16,175 --> 00:27:22,013it. Right, it's not 100% accurate. So my point is that if35200:27:22,013 --> 00:27:24,432you do a query in the chat button, it gives you certain 35300:27:24,452 --> 00:27:27,596number of answers. Double check those answers another way if 35400:27:27,675 --> 00:27:32,528possible, and I would argue nothing is really 100%. Quite 35500:27:32,548 --> 00:27:38,112honestly, skepticism is never a bad thing. Never a bad thing. So35600:27:38,112 --> 00:27:41,489he says that sometimes he's worried about people using the 35700:27:41,528 --> 00:27:46,202chat bot, putting it into a political forum and then using 35800:27:46,242 --> 00:27:51,256that to spread disinformation. He's worried, legitimately, 35900:27:51,817 --> 00:27:58,290about people losing jobs, and that's obvious, right? I can 36000:27:58,311 --> 00:28:03,010remember when the main mechanical robots came out, they36100:28:03,010 --> 00:28:05,789said well, they're going to getrid of blue collar jobs. Well, 36200:28:06,250 --> 00:28:11,902the chat bot, the AI chat bot isgoing to get rid of white 36300:28:11,922 --> 00:28:20,303collar jobs writers, artists, lawyers, individuals who think 36400:28:20,864 --> 00:28:25,551for living. It can even replace artists. These chat bots can 36500:28:25,612 --> 00:28:30,291draw art, they can create, they can do everything. So just think36600:28:30,291 --> 00:28:33,751about that on the world stage. And if you happen to be a writer36700:28:33,751 --> 00:28:41,730for a Harper's company and the chat bot comes out and says I 36800:28:41,750 --> 00:28:46,990can write that 300-page book in 44 hours, right, think about 36900:28:47,070 --> 00:28:49,759time and money. And then you understand the financial 37000:28:49,878 --> 00:28:54,492implications. And think about it. Microsoft is not stupid. They 37100:28:54,553 --> 00:29:00,233didn't put $11 billion in this company because they thought 37200:29:00,253 --> 00:29:05,058that they were going to lose money. But my point is, even 37300:29:05,140 --> 00:29:09,976people who are creating the product are concerned, and Sam 37400:29:10,057 --> 00:29:14,278is an example. This is another guy. His name is Blake Lamone. 37500:29:14,971 --> 00:29:19,276He's a senior engineer or was a senior engineer for Google. So 37600:29:19,316 --> 00:29:21,151remember, they're all doing it. It's not just Microsoft, all of 37700:29:21,192 --> 00:29:27,304them are doing it. And his claimget this that the chat bot, the37800:29:27,304 --> 00:29:32,579machine, the robot, the computer had gained sentience. 37900:29:33,710 --> 00:29:36,417Now I must admit to you, i didn't know what sentience was. 38000:29:37,769 --> 00:29:40,890I don't remember hearing that word. So I looked it up And 38100:29:40,910 --> 00:29:45,680sentience means the ability to experience feelings and 38200:29:45,799 --> 00:29:50,863sensations. Think about that with your computer. Do you want 38300:29:51,104 --> 00:29:57,393a computer that has feelings andsensations? right, and Blake 38400:29:57,452 --> 00:30:01,561says that his job was to probe the chat bot. Ask it questions 38500:30:01,642 --> 00:30:04,45724-7. What do you think about this? What would you do with 38600:30:04,497 --> 00:30:06,936that? How would you handle this scenario? How did you handle 38700:30:06,957 --> 00:30:11,739that scenario? And what Blake has said is what he's learned 38800:30:12,520 --> 00:30:17,920disturbed him. It disturbed him And when he tried to talk to the38900:30:17,920 --> 00:30:21,025bosses, obviously at Google they didn't want him talking 39000:30:21,066 --> 00:30:23,115about stuff like that And they certainly didn't want him 39100:30:23,154 --> 00:30:27,662talking about it to the public. But what got Blake fired was he 39200:30:27,701 --> 00:30:32,537gave documents to the WashingtonPost newspaper to prove his 39300:30:32,596 --> 00:30:37,310fault and Google fired him. But you know he proved his point. So39400:30:37,310 --> 00:30:42,760my point is that even people who are on the inside are 39500:30:43,102 --> 00:30:46,690sounding an alarm bell. They're saying be wary of this stuff. 39600:30:47,652 --> 00:30:50,700Maybe we can't stop it, but you just need to be careful with it.39700:30:50,700 --> 00:30:56,694And thirdly, this is Jeffrey Hinton. Jeffrey Hinton is an 39800:30:56,875 --> 00:30:59,843older guy who's called the father of Artificial 39900:30:59,843 --> 00:31:05,056Intelligence. Think about that, if the father of artificial 40000:31:05,115 --> 00:31:13,085intelligence is saying I'm worried about chat GPT and 40100:31:13,747 --> 00:31:17,180computers with feelings, becauseI think these computers are 40200:31:17,220 --> 00:31:21,655going to become more intelligentthan us. Think about it Now. I 40300:31:21,675 --> 00:31:25,308would admit that I'm a movie buff and I know I'm dating a lot40400:31:25,308 --> 00:31:29,479of you, but I can remember a movie called War Games with 40500:31:29,519 --> 00:31:35,405Matthew Rodrick and the whole thing was Matthew the teenager 40600:31:35,445 --> 00:31:38,976and his girlfriend were playing around with the computer, and he40700:31:38,976 --> 00:31:42,413was trying to show off to her. So he broke into the national 40800:31:42,453 --> 00:31:48,134security computer system and started talking to one of the 40900:31:48,154 --> 00:31:50,800computers in the big computer system government computer 41000:31:50,820 --> 00:31:54,998system. And he went into the computer and the computer said 41100:31:56,750 --> 00:32:02,721would you like to play a game? And so the teenager's girlfriend41200:32:02,721 --> 00:32:05,518and giggling and playing aroundand they said sure, and so the 41300:32:05,538 --> 00:32:09,573computer gave them a list of games. You can play chess, you 41400:32:09,594 --> 00:32:12,481can play blah, blah, blah. And the teenager of course wanted to41500:32:12,481 --> 00:32:16,458impress his girlfriend and saidI want to play Thermonuclea 41600:32:16,538 --> 00:32:21,996Warfare. And the computer said OK, and the computer's name was 41700:32:22,096 --> 00:32:25,634Joshua. I remember the name. I love that movie, i watched it at41800:32:25,634 --> 00:32:29,846least 100 times And the problemwas the computer started 41900:32:29,865 --> 00:32:33,865playing the game for real And the kid couldn't stop it and the42000:32:33,865 --> 00:32:36,690adults were going crazy. But everything ended up all right. 42100:32:37,273 --> 00:32:41,252But my point is that computers are computers. The other thing 42200:32:41,292 --> 00:32:49,684that Hinton says is this processscares him. You know I didn't 42300:32:49,704 --> 00:32:52,680write down everything He said. That was one of his quotes. He 42400:32:52,700 --> 00:32:56,554said this scares me. Think aboutthe father. This is the father 42500:32:56,574 --> 00:32:59,661saying you know, one of my kids scared me, or something to that 42600:32:59,701 --> 00:33:02,779event, and his concern is, you know, he's not going to be able 42700:33:02,819 --> 00:33:08,180to play the game, that we need to have some way to control it. 42800:33:08,789 --> 00:33:12,635Now, who's gonna do that? Because the whole premise is we 42900:33:12,695 --> 00:33:19,181have a robot that has the world's library data inside of 43000:33:19,320 --> 00:33:22,690it so that it can think faster and smarter and quicker. It's 43100:33:22,770 --> 00:33:26,333like our Frankenstein to some extent Another one of my 43200:33:26,393 --> 00:33:32,076favorite movies, by the way And we built it. But then can we 43300:33:32,116 --> 00:33:35,775control it? So I don't want to scare you, but I think it is 43400:33:35,934 --> 00:33:41,613important that I give you both sides of the argument, the way I43500:33:41,613 --> 00:33:44,055look at it. And again, if you've been with us for the last43600:33:44,055 --> 00:33:48,779six months or so, you're familiar with one of my favorite43700:33:48,779 --> 00:33:52,794parts of the brain called the amygdala. Remember the amygdala?43800:33:52,794 --> 00:33:58,951The amygdala is the machine control center of the brain And 43900:33:59,071 --> 00:34:05,272I see the way I analyze this is computers don't have amygdalas 44000:34:05,573 --> 00:34:11,871yet yet. Yet Now I don't even know what an amygdala would look44100:34:11,871 --> 00:34:17,659like in a computer or whatever.But my point is the difference,44200:34:17,659 --> 00:34:20,137what I've always thought the difference between me and them 44300:34:20,610 --> 00:34:25,532is that I have emotions and theydon't. They may be smarter than44400:34:25,532 --> 00:34:30,333me, but I can love and they cannot because they don't have 44500:34:30,393 --> 00:34:35,380emotions. Well, whatever computer learns what love is 44600:34:35,989 --> 00:34:39,293because then if you learn what love is, you may learn what hate44700:34:39,293 --> 00:34:43,931is okay Then that's a whole slippery slope that you want to 44800:34:43,952 --> 00:34:50,568be careful of. So let's switch here and look specifically at 44900:34:50,608 --> 00:34:55,601healthcare. Okay, what are the areas that the chatbots are 45000:34:55,641 --> 00:34:59,177helpful in hospitals and healthcare delivery that 45100:34:59,257 --> 00:35:05,255hospitals like, and why do hospitals like them? Well, one 45200:35:05,295 --> 00:35:09,195of the reasons is, and as I mentioned before at the 45300:35:09,235 --> 00:35:14,862beginning, the use of the chatbot or the super-duper 45400:35:14,909 --> 00:35:19,351advanced thinking computer savesmoney for the hospital. That 45500:35:19,391 --> 00:35:23,112does that directly and indirectly. It provides 45600:35:23,192 --> 00:35:27,813cybersecurity, it helps with clinical trials, it helps with 45700:35:27,853 --> 00:35:32,530work assistance, it helps with nursing assistance. One of the 45800:35:32,590 --> 00:35:41,197ways that hospitals love using the robot is in surgery. In 45900:35:41,297 --> 00:35:45,972surgery Now I should share with you. As I said, i've been a 46000:35:46,032 --> 00:35:49,737surgeon for 50 years. As I mentioned before, my medical 46100:35:49,778 --> 00:35:53,030school is celebrating our 50-year anniversary, because I 46200:35:53,070 --> 00:36:01,255graduated in 1983 from Yale Medical School. The robot can 46300:36:01,375 --> 00:36:09,637generate a total close to $100, over $100 billion, just by using46400:36:09,637 --> 00:36:14,177the robot alone. Okay, this is what one of the robots looks 46500:36:14,277 --> 00:36:17,876like that's used in surgery And it's used in most types of 46600:36:17,936 --> 00:36:21,150surgery. Some are more beneficial than others. These 46700:36:21,170 --> 00:36:23,318are the ones that are very beneficial with the robot 46800:36:23,690 --> 00:36:27,114Prostate surgery, general surgery, gynecological surgery, 46900:36:27,175 --> 00:36:33,101heart surgery. This is an example of the robot being used 47000:36:33,630 --> 00:36:37,195in, say, heart surgery case. So what do you notice immediately 47100:36:37,255 --> 00:36:41,878about this picture? You're right, the surgeon is not standing at47200:36:41,878 --> 00:36:45,092the table, he's sitting off to the left side. You say wait a 47300:36:45,152 --> 00:36:47,980second. Aren't you supposed to be up there at the patient? 47400:36:48,472 --> 00:36:53,211That's the way it is on TV. Well, guess what? This is a new 47500:36:53,273 --> 00:36:58,019process And, as I said, this hasbeen around for about 15 years 47600:36:58,769 --> 00:37:04,123This is not last year, or last November, or 21 or 20 or 1918. 47700:37:05,550 --> 00:37:11,175And it is growing in usage. I know this because for the last 47800:37:11,657 --> 00:37:15,190four years, before I retired, sent and retired, i was running 47900:37:15,210 --> 00:37:19,391around the country doing accreditation work for the joint48000:37:19,391 --> 00:37:24,431commission and helping to accredited hospitals and making 48100:37:24,492 --> 00:37:27,472sure that they were following the rules, and the majority of 48200:37:27,512 --> 00:37:31,653them are doing robotic surgery in increasing numbers, 48300:37:32,436 --> 00:37:37,451increasing numbers. Another example of robotic surgery Here 48400:37:37,490 --> 00:37:40,135we have two surgeries Because a lot of times when we as a 48500:37:40,175 --> 00:37:43,110general surgeon I would be doinga case and I would maybe call 48600:37:43,130 --> 00:37:47,275it in a urologist because my thearea that I'm gonna be working 48700:37:47,315 --> 00:37:50,451in is gonna be very close to theureters or the kidney And I 48800:37:50,471 --> 00:37:55,699want a urologist in there, or a gynecologist would call me in, 48900:37:56,590 --> 00:38:01,898obstetrician would call me in because of possible bowel injury49000:38:01,898 --> 00:38:05,590. So it's not uncommon to have two physicians working. So the 49100:38:05,630 --> 00:38:10,190patient's on the table, the robot is over the patient, the 49200:38:10,269 --> 00:38:14,795nurse is standing by the table but the surgeons are at the 49300:38:14,876 --> 00:38:19,833monitors like a computer screen,computer mod. This is what the 49400:38:19,873 --> 00:38:23,791robot looks like. From a different perspective. This is 49500:38:23,831 --> 00:38:27,501probably the most famous robot is called the DaVinci XI. 49600:38:29,213 --> 00:38:34,277Surgeons love the robot. This ishow it looks like in another 49700:38:34,297 --> 00:38:38,538type of surgery. We see all the plastic over it to keep the area49800:38:38,538 --> 00:38:46,001sterile. But robotic surgery isincreasing in scope and speed 49900:38:46,222 --> 00:38:51,411in surgery. It's beneficial in surgery. One of the reasons 50000:38:51,452 --> 00:38:56,882beneficial in surgery is there'sa smaller scar for the patient.50100:38:56,882 --> 00:39:01,552Smaller scar means less postoperative pain. The surgery 50200:39:01,632 --> 00:39:05,231is more accurate because remember, this is super-duper 50300:39:05,291 --> 00:39:11,114intelligent assistant that the surgeon has and can keep the 50400:39:11,173 --> 00:39:15,411surgeon out of danger more efficiently, more effective, it 50500:39:15,472 --> 00:39:21,719helps to provide better patient care. In summary, the AI future 50600:39:21,860 --> 00:39:24,637is now. The artificial intelligence future is now. 50700:39:25,110 --> 00:39:30,514Chatbots are working right now. Today, artificial intelligence 50800:39:30,655 --> 00:39:35,976is non-human learning. The more advanced chatbox today is the 50900:39:36,036 --> 00:39:41,155ChatGPT-4 made by Microsoft. If you have Bing operating system 51000:39:41,275 --> 00:39:44,494on your Microsoft computer, you already have it for free. 51100:39:46,210 --> 00:39:49,717Chatbot is an advanced search engine that communicates 51200:39:49,838 --> 00:39:56,672verbally with the patient and with the physician. Robots have 51300:39:56,693 --> 00:40:01,777been using surgery for 15 years,as I've said, but the other 51400:40:01,838 --> 00:40:04,894side of that, though, is one needs to be cautious with the 51500:40:04,934 --> 00:40:11,675whole artificial intelligence area. If you will, and don't 51600:40:11,735 --> 00:40:16,233hesitate to think and re-evaluate and make sure that 51700:40:16,273 --> 00:40:20,815you have the most appropriate use Presently. The most advanced51800:40:20,815 --> 00:40:26,237Chatbot today is the Bing, and this is the logo that you'll see51900:40:26,237 --> 00:40:29,936on your computer screen. My basic principles is I like to 52000:40:29,998 --> 00:40:34,097always end God is in charge. As I've mentioned each and every 52100:40:34,137 --> 00:40:38,713time, god is the leader of my world. I am a physician of faith52200:40:38,713 --> 00:40:45,396, and because of that, he has sustained me and allowed me to 52300:40:45,456 --> 00:40:49,951do what I have been blessed to do. I have no bad days. I 52400:40:50,192 --> 00:40:53,121discovered many years ago that whether the day was good or bad,52500:40:53,121 --> 00:40:56,338it was up to me, and so I decided that I had had enough 52600:40:56,438 --> 00:40:59,639bad days and I didn't want it anymore. So I now only have good52700:40:59,639 --> 00:41:03,255days, so I have great days. Don't sweat the small stuff, and52800:41:03,255 --> 00:41:06,514most stuff is small. I have learned that whenever something 52900:41:06,554 --> 00:41:10,494bothers me or appears to aggravate me, it's usually not 53000:41:10,554 --> 00:41:15,494that big a deal. So I've learnedto go slow, take a step back 53100:41:16,396 --> 00:41:20,990and just not worry about stuff. Forgiveness is therapy. People 53200:41:21,050 --> 00:41:24,822will do or say things to you that may very well aggravate you53300:41:24,822 --> 00:41:30,293or bother you or hurt you or give them. Doesn't matter who's 53400:41:30,353 --> 00:41:34,313right or wrong. Just forgive them and you will be amazed that53500:41:34,313 --> 00:41:37,192not only is that the right thing to do, it is also 53600:41:37,313 --> 00:41:41,476therapeutic for you. And the fifth thing is everything is a 53700:41:41,516 --> 00:41:44,856relationship. Most relationshipsare built on three things 53800:41:45,318 --> 00:41:49,052mutual respect, mutual trust, good communication. If you have 53900:41:49,112 --> 00:41:53,291those three things, you have a good relationship. If you do not54000:41:53,291 --> 00:41:56,809have those three things, then you have some work to do to 54100:41:56,871 --> 00:42:02,010build that relationship up to where it should be. Are there 54200:42:02,030 --> 00:42:02,653any questions? 54300:42:03,871 --> 00:42:06,938Speaker 5: What if you were talking about the benefits of AI54400:42:06,938 --> 00:42:12,961in the hospitals in relation topatient satisfaction? 54500:42:13,150 --> 00:42:13,331Speaker 2: Yes. 54600:42:15,251 --> 00:42:21,623Speaker 5: Is that because of the pain that the computer will 54700:42:21,643 --> 00:42:25,538communicate with the patients before they leave, or how is 54800:42:25,637 --> 00:42:27,461that beneficial or faster? 54900:42:27,710 --> 00:42:30,771Speaker 2: Okay, let me repeat the question. The question is 55000:42:30,811 --> 00:42:34,873that on one of my slides I had some information about how the 55100:42:34,913 --> 00:42:39,530chatbot is a beneficial in termsof patient satisfaction, and is55200:42:39,530 --> 00:42:41,976that when the patient is still in the hospital or when the 55300:42:42,016 --> 00:42:48,117patient goes home? This is mainly used for survey of 55400:42:48,159 --> 00:42:52,811patients, and so it's mostly when the patient goes home in 55500:42:52,851 --> 00:42:55,813terms of patient satisfaction where the patient can give 55600:42:56,072 --> 00:43:00,650accurate and quick feedback about their experience, and 55700:43:00,690 --> 00:43:03,918that's one of the ways that it helps with patient sentiment and55800:43:03,918 --> 00:43:10,539patient experience. Also, therecould be surveys that patients 55900:43:10,559 --> 00:43:14,012would take even while they're inhospital And some hospitals do 56000:43:14,052 --> 00:43:17,041that also but they can do it very quickly with the chatbot 56100:43:17,831 --> 00:43:21,391and not have to have a person ora nurse to do that, and they 56200:43:21,411 --> 00:43:26,492can get that information faster back to the hospital. Thank you.56300:43:26,492 --> 00:43:31,215The question on one Yes, go ahead. 56400:43:35,958 --> 00:43:36,619Speaker 4: I have a question. 56500:43:37,380 --> 00:43:37,882Speaker 2: Yeah, go ahead. 56600:43:38,891 --> 00:43:41,851Speaker 4: Okay, actually I havetwo questions. Yeah, in that 56700:43:41,911 --> 00:43:46,474illustration with the DaVinci robot, you had the two surgeons.56800:43:46,474 --> 00:43:51,360Like you said, this is technology that's a few years 56900:43:51,521 --> 00:43:56,019old. Has there been any growth, with those two surgeons not 57000:43:56,099 --> 00:43:59,217being in the room, perhaps beingin another city and conducting 57100:43:59,277 --> 00:43:59,778surgeries? 57200:44:01,313 --> 00:44:05,036Speaker 2: No, no One, because Ithink it would not be 57300:44:05,076 --> 00:44:09,974acceptable to do that. And two, i think you would then get into 57400:44:10,014 --> 00:44:13,902situations of error and litigation and that sort of 57500:44:13,943 --> 00:44:16,876thing. So it hasn't quite gottento that level where you could 57600:44:16,896 --> 00:44:20,655be absolutely absent. Now that may happen in the future, but 57700:44:20,675 --> 00:44:22,219presently that's not the case. 57800:44:22,690 --> 00:44:26,152Speaker 4: Okay, Thank you. And my second question is do you see57900:44:26,152 --> 00:44:30,159a day coming when those two surgeons would be completely 58000:44:30,219 --> 00:44:33,164replaced by another DaVinci robot? 58100:44:35,416 --> 00:44:43,054Speaker 2: Maybe What answer? Itis possible Because I've gotten58200:44:43,054 --> 00:44:46,311to the point now where almost anything is possible. But, to 58300:44:46,391 --> 00:44:48,614answer your question, it is possible because things are 58400:44:48,675 --> 00:44:53,643moving in the direction of the robotics doing more and more and58500:44:53,643 --> 00:44:57,498more. So that's not inconceivable, to be honest with58600:44:57,498 --> 00:44:57,639you. 58700:44:58,411 --> 00:44:59,153Speaker 4: All right, thank you.58800:45:00,309 --> 00:45:04,759Speaker 1: The tools that you'reusing. Are they the? same that 58900:45:04,778 --> 00:45:06,242they would be in your hand. 59000:45:08,112 --> 00:45:10,911Speaker 2: They're similar, as they would be in my hand, For 59100:45:11,010 --> 00:45:14,498instance. They have extensions and by sitting at the monitor 59200:45:14,637 --> 00:45:17,682I'm able to move their hand because they're an extension of 59300:45:17,724 --> 00:45:23,414me. So they're sort of similar but modified for the robot. So 59400:45:23,494 --> 00:45:26,668it's basically similar but it may be a little longer, It may 59500:45:26,708 --> 00:45:29,597have a little dissonant And remember, the robot doesn't get 59600:45:29,637 --> 00:45:34,985tired. I remember we used to talk about five, six hours 59700:45:35,045 --> 00:45:38,577surgeries and what it would be. The robot didn't get tired And 59800:45:38,617 --> 00:45:41,952remember, the surgeons are sitting. So that's another 59900:45:41,992 --> 00:45:45,659advantage too. But there's maybea slight modification of the 60000:45:45,739 --> 00:45:50,096instruments with the robot. Any other questions. 60100:45:51,411 --> 00:45:59,436Speaker 4: One last question. Back to the chatbot, the AI 60200:45:59,456 --> 00:46:02,121chatbot. there are some concernsabout accuracy of the 60300:46:02,181 --> 00:46:07,297information that's coming back, and you talked about that. Where60400:46:07,297 --> 00:46:10,905do you think that's going And how is that going to be 60500:46:10,987 --> 00:46:13,715addressed? I mean, obviously youcan't do it with legislation, 60600:46:13,775 --> 00:46:18,224but what's the tech industry doing about the accuracy of the 60700:46:18,306 --> 00:46:19,949information that's coming back from all the searches that 60800:46:19,969 --> 00:46:22,525they're doing? That's an excellent question. 60900:46:25,777 --> 00:46:28,708Speaker 2: I don't think the tech industry is doing as much 61000:46:28,768 --> 00:46:32,143as it could And I think that's why a lot of them are going to 61100:46:32,184 --> 00:46:35,193Congress and say you guys need to do something. And obviously, 61200:46:35,655 --> 00:46:41,568you know, a 65 year old man in the Senate knows less about the 61300:46:41,648 --> 00:46:46,355tech stuff than I do, so they can't do anything. I do believe 61400:46:46,375 --> 00:46:51,514that they are legitimately worried, as they should be, but 61500:46:51,675 --> 00:46:54,025I think but to answer your question specifically, i think 61600:46:54,085 --> 00:46:57,972it's a matter of buyers. Beware Those of us like me and you and 61700:46:58,074 --> 00:47:03,179others, who are end users. We have to have a certain degree of61800:47:03,179 --> 00:47:08,490organization, and health is suspicion about everything. For 61900:47:08,550 --> 00:47:12,793instance, i've started using thechatbot And I've even prepared 62000:47:12,813 --> 00:47:15,972in this presentation. I use the chatbot And I was very impressed62100:47:15,972 --> 00:47:19,594because it's so fast, you know,and literally when I put 62200:47:19,673 --> 00:47:24,481something into the, the request or the search, it starts in a 62300:47:24,621 --> 00:47:28,432second telling me what I need toknow. But I would then also go 62400:47:28,592 --> 00:47:32,710out and maybe do a different search to validate that. So I 62500:47:32,751 --> 00:47:36,329think we're going to have to do more of that sort of thing, but 62600:47:36,409 --> 00:47:39,175I think it's going to take a combination of all those things,62700:47:39,175 --> 00:47:42,480but I think we're going to haveto do our part and not just 62800:47:42,559 --> 00:47:46,652rely 100% on this accuracy. And they have actually said that the62900:47:46,652 --> 00:47:51,211areas that is weakest is opinion. Of course, if you ask 63000:47:51,311 --> 00:47:55,599it who's better Republican or Democrat, you know now, it may 63100:47:55,639 --> 00:47:59,291give you what it thinks, but it may not be accurate, and those 63200:47:59,351 --> 00:48:02,978types of questions are the ones that you have to sort of take 63300:48:03,018 --> 00:48:03,900with a grain of salt. 63400:48:05,349 --> 00:48:05,630Speaker 4: Thank you. 63500:48:08,409 --> 00:48:08,610Speaker 2: Yes. 63600:48:11,630 --> 00:48:16,253Speaker 3: Thank you so much foryour presentation. I really 63700:48:16,293 --> 00:48:20,500liked the end of it where, afteryou've given us all this news, 63800:48:20,519 --> 00:48:25,092you talk about my basic principles And you know you can 63900:48:25,152 --> 00:48:30,402feel free to use that in all of your presentations, because 64000:48:30,481 --> 00:48:33,427sometimes we need that reminder,because there's so many things 64100:48:33,467 --> 00:48:38,313going on in the world today Thatcauses us to fear And you know,64200:48:38,313 --> 00:48:42,527the word of God tells us not tofear And when fear comes it's 64300:48:42,588 --> 00:48:43,250not from God. 64400:48:44,231 --> 00:48:47,253Speaker 2: Yeah, i think I got most of what you said, but, to 64500:48:47,353 --> 00:48:51,777be honest with you, i decided todo exactly what you suggest. I 64600:48:51,856 --> 00:48:55,641do use my basic principles in every single presentation for 64700:48:55,661 --> 00:48:58,282the reason that you mentioned, because I think it's important 64800:48:58,563 --> 00:49:03,469that I not only do I give you didactic, healthcare, legal and 64900:49:03,510 --> 00:49:06,353financial information. I think it's important that there be a 65000:49:06,454 --> 00:49:10,478second message there, and that is about me personally and about65100:49:10,478 --> 00:49:14,344what I've learned and what's worked for me, and certainly my 65200:49:14,443 --> 00:49:17,632faith is a part of that. So, thank you for your suggestion 65300:49:17,954 --> 00:49:20,539And I completely agree with you and I've already decided to do 65400:49:20,579 --> 00:49:21,541that. Thank you. 65500:49:22,510 --> 00:49:26,510Speaker 3: Any other questions, i just want to. I just want to 65600:49:26,590 --> 00:49:31,556ask one more thing. With the AI intelligence, i think the 65700:49:31,597 --> 00:49:38,003concern is probably, when you consider Bible prophecy, how we 65800:49:38,043 --> 00:49:40,751are headed towards one world government. I mean, you talk 65900:49:40,791 --> 00:49:45,871about the move is there for one world religion, there's one 66000:49:45,931 --> 00:49:52,137world money then to have no borders. I'm interesting to hear66100:49:52,137 --> 00:49:57,702your take on how you see AI bringing all these one world, 66200:49:57,762 --> 00:50:02,626this and that together, and how it's going to just affect the 66300:50:02,686 --> 00:50:03,027world. 66400:50:03,951 --> 00:50:07,353Speaker 2: Well, you know, to behonest, i don't have a clue how66500:50:07,353 --> 00:50:10,538that's going to work out. I I I'm not familiar with the one 66600:50:10,557 --> 00:50:13,940world concept, but I think what one of the things that's 66700:50:14,041 --> 00:50:19,007interesting and fearful at the same time is no one knows, 12 66800:50:19,047 --> 00:50:22,911months from now, 24 months from now, 36 months from now, not 66900:50:22,971 --> 00:50:26,195what the impact is going to be with AI in multiple areas 67000:50:26,615 --> 00:50:31,422religion, healthcare, law, medicine, finance, etc. Etc. I 67100:50:31,563 --> 00:50:36,074honestly don't know. But I thinkif we have all about, if each 67200:50:36,114 --> 00:50:39,822of us has our basic principles intact, it does not matter. But 67300:50:39,862 --> 00:50:44,494the world does We stand for whatwe believe and become leaders? 67400:50:44,554 --> 00:50:47,956you know, it is not accidental that this is called a leadership67500:50:47,956 --> 00:50:52,242masterclass, because I believe,as I said in my basic 67600:50:52,262 --> 00:50:55,164principles when I start out leaders, leaders can change the 67700:50:55,204 --> 00:50:59,755world. So it's up for us to stand and be leaders in all of 67800:50:59,815 --> 00:51:03,059that chaos, if you will, and stand for what we believe is 67900:51:03,139 --> 00:51:13,492right, thank you. So, finally, thank you all so much, and I, i,68000:51:13,492 --> 00:51:16,277i like this slide. I came across this slide and I like it 68100:51:16,597 --> 00:51:18,961because we always talk about change and we talk about 68200:51:19,041 --> 00:51:22,753leadership. I like the idea of us looking at the person in the 68300:51:22,793 --> 00:51:26,320mirror and saying What, what am I doing to change the world? 68400:51:26,360 --> 00:51:29,449What am I doing to make people love each other better? What am 68500:51:29,570 --> 00:51:34,518I doing to make people happier, etc. So I like to say leave this68600:51:34,518 --> 00:51:38,469with you be the change that youwant to see in the world. Let 68700:51:38,489 --> 00:51:43,380me also say that these lectures are also on a new podcast that 68800:51:43,400 --> 00:51:47,193you will be hearing about, and so if you have, if you listen to68900:51:47,193 --> 00:51:50,757podcasts and you have a platform that you download your 69000:51:50,797 --> 00:51:54,682podcast, look us up on your platform and you'll be able to 69100:51:54,722 --> 00:51:58,175hear some of the same material. Thank you and have a wonderful 69200:51:58,215 --> 00:51:58,356day. 69300:52:28,052 --> 00:52:31,639Speaker 1: And then share it with your family, friends and or69400:52:31,639 --> 00:52:35,835your coworkers. They'll be gladyou did So. until the next time69500:52:35,835 --> 00:52:39,831, live your best possible life the best possible way.